Master the Boards USMLE Step 2 CK by Conrad Fischer

Author:Conrad Fischer
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9781506235950
Publisher: Kaplan Publishing
Published: 2019-09-18T16:00:00+00:00

TIP

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is always wrong. It is slower and the contrast is renal toxic.

TIP

When “dysmorphic” red blood cells are described, the correct answer is glomerulonephritis.

When Is Cystoscopy the Answer?

The answer is cystoscopy when there is hematuria without infection or prior trauma and:

• The renal ultrasound or CT does not show an etiology.

• Bladder sonography shows a mass for possible biopsy.

Cystoscopy is the most accurate test of the bladder.

Casts

These are microscopic collections of material clogging up the tubules and being excreted in the urine.

Casts are very useful if found, but they are often not present.

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